United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

The United States announced its withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the "Iran nuclear deal" or the "Iran deal", on May 8, 2018.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The JCPOA is an agreement on Iran's nuclear program reached in July 2015 by Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany)^[5]^[6] also called E3/EU+3.

In a joint statement responding to the U.S. withdrawal, the leaders of France, Germany and the United Kingdom stated that United Nations Security Council resolution endorsing the nuclear deal remained the "binding international legal framework for the resolution of the dispute".^[7]

Various countries, international organizations, and U.S. scholars have expressed regret or criticized the withdrawal, while U.S. conservatives,^[8]^[9] Israel, Saudi Arabia and allies have supported it.

The withdrawal caused concerns in Iran due to its impact on the economy.^[10]

On 17 May 2018 the European Commission announced its intention to implement the blocking statute of 1996 to declare U.S. sanctions against Iran illegal in Europe and ban European citizens and companies from complying with them. The commission also instructed the European Investment Bank to facilitate European companies' investment in Iran.^[11]^[12]^[13]

^ Landler, Mark (May 8, 2018). "Trump Withdraws U.S. From 'One-Sided' Iran Nuclear 18-05-08". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ "Trump pulls US out of Iran deal". BBC News. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ "President Trump Withdraws from Iran Deal". The Jerusalem Post. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ Mulligan, Stephen P. (May 4, 2018). Withdrawal from International Agreements: Legal Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Iran Nuclear Agreement (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
^ Keating, Joshua "You say P5+1, I say E3+3" Archived November 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Policy (September 30, 2009).
^ Lewis, Jeffrey "E3/EU+3 or P5+1" Archived August 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Arms Control Wonk (July 13, 2015).
^ Landler, Mark (May 8, 2018). "Trump Abandons Iran Nuclear Deal He Long Scorned". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.
^ McCarthy, Andrew C. (May 8, 2018). "Trump Dumps Iran Deal — Hallelujah!". National Review. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
^ "Trump's reneging on Iran deal has enthused his supporters". The Daily Dot. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
^ "Iranians Fear Deeper Crisis as Trump Ends Nuclear Deal". The New York Times. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2018.
^ "EU to reactivate 'blocking statute' against US sanctions on Iran for European firms". DW.com. Deutsche Welle. May 17, 2018. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "EU to start Iran sanctions blocking law process on Friday". Reuters. May 17, 2018. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
^ "EU moves to block US sanctions on Iran". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[1] Landler, Mark (May 8, 2018). "Trump Withdraws U.S. From 'One-Sided' Iran Nuclear 18-05-08". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

[bbc-2] "Trump pulls US out of Iran deal". BBC News. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on December 31, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

[:0-3] "President Trump Withdraws from Iran Deal". The Jerusalem Post. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on February 14, 2021. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

[4] Mulligan, Stephen P. (May 4, 2018). Withdrawal from International Agreements: Legal Framework, the Paris Agreement, and the Iran Nuclear Agreement (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 5, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.

[5] Keating, Joshua "You say P5+1, I say E3+3" Archived November 8, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Foreign Policy (September 30, 2009).

[6] Lewis, Jeffrey "E3/EU+3 or P5+1" Archived August 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, Arms Control Wonk (July 13, 2015).

[7] Landler, Mark (May 8, 2018). "Trump Abandons Iran Nuclear Deal He Long Scorned". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 8, 2018. Retrieved May 8, 2018.

[8] McCarthy, Andrew C. (May 8, 2018). "Trump Dumps Iran Deal — Hallelujah!". National Review. Archived from the original on September 11, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2018.

[9] "Trump's reneging on Iran deal has enthused his supporters". The Daily Dot. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on April 27, 2019. Retrieved May 10, 2018.

[10] "Iranians Fear Deeper Crisis as Trump Ends Nuclear Deal". The New York Times. May 8, 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2018.

[11] "EU to reactivate 'blocking statute' against US sanctions on Iran for European firms". DW.com. Deutsche Welle. May 17, 2018. Archived from the original on September 29, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[12] "EU to start Iran sanctions blocking law process on Friday". Reuters. May 17, 2018. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

[13] "EU moves to block US sanctions on Iran". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2019. Retrieved May 17, 2018.

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